Image: Linnaea Mallette, Shipping Port (Publicdomainpictures.net)
全球商务对中国的重要性日益增加，故中国有必要表明其承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的决心。自 1987 年以来，中国一直是《纽约公约》的缔约国。该公约要求每个缔约国都确保其法院承认和执行在另一个缔约国作出的仲裁裁决，除非这种承认或执行违反其“公共政策”，或有其他例外情况。由于《纽约公约》没有对“公共政策”作出规定，中国法院如何解释此例外情况直接影响到外国当事人与中国开展业务的信心程度。中国最近发布的一起案例阐明了对此例外情况的解释。Read more
Image: Linnaea Mallette, Shipping Port (Publicdomainpictures.net)
The growing importance of global business to China makes it crucial for the country to show its commitment to recognize and enforce foreign arbitral awards. Since 1987, China has been a contracting state of the New York Convention, which requires each contracting state to ensure that its judiciary recognizes and enforces an arbitral award made in another contracting state, unless such recognition or enforcement would be contrary to the contracting state’s “public policy”, among other exceptions. The convention does not interpret the “public policy” exception. How the Chinese judiciary interprets it directly influences foreign parties’ level of confidence in doing business with China. A recent court case in China sheds light on the interpretation of this exception.Read more
Image: Mikhail Denishchenko, Production Technology (Publicdomainpictures.net)
由习近平主席于 2023 年提出的“新质生产力”一词，具有重大意义，因为中国领导层已确定了相关改革，其中提及不同类型的投资。已故改革派领导人邓小平在 1992 年发表的重要谈话以及中国最近发布的精选案例有助于阐明该词的含义。法院在这些案例中为了支持“新质生产力”的发展而采取的行动，能让投资者更好地评估相关机会。Read more
Image: Mikhail Denishchenko, Production Technology (Publicdomainpictures.net)
Coined by President XI Jinping in 2023, the term “new quality productive forces” is of great significance because related reforms, with reference to various types of investment, have been identified by the Chinese leadership. Key talks given in 1992 by the late reformist leader DENG Xiaoping and select court cases recently released by China help illuminate the meaning of the term. Actions taken by the courts in these cases to support the development of “new quality productive forces” allow investors to better assess related opportunities.Read more
Image: Axelle B, Euros Handshake (Publicdomainpictures.net)
“强化上市公司监管”和“健全投资者保护机制”是2024年7月18日中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过且备受期待的决定中提出的众多改革任务之两项任务。虽然中国新修正的《会计法》可能有助于实现这些目标，但一起由最高人民法院判决的案例表明，有需要采取更多措施来有效解决这些问题。Read more
Image: Axelle B, Euros Handshake (Publicdomainpictures.net)
“Strengthening the regulation of listed companies” and “improving the mechanism for protecting investors” are among the many reform tasks identified in the widely anticipated decision adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on July 18, 2024. While China’s newly amended Accounting Law may help accomplish these goals, a case decided by the Supreme People’s Court suggests that additional measures are required.Read more
Images: George Hodan, Judge Gavel;
Maliz Ong, Black and White Brick Wall (Publicdomainpictures.net)
2018年，我与两位作者合著了一篇题为《案例文化在中国内外的传播》。我们分析了当时中国最高人民法院已发布的 96 个指导性案例（即：事实上具有约束力的案例）是如何在全国各地法院判决的 1,281 起后续案件中被引用的。我们得出了此结论：“指导性案例的初步成功似乎为中国案例文化的传播提供了肥沃的土壤，而鉴于中国渴望增加其在世界各地的影响，中国案例文化可能有机会在其他地方传播。6月中旬，一个机会出现了，让中国可以在金砖国家推广以案例为基础的法律推理文化。Read more
Images: George Hodan, Judge Gavel;
Maliz Ong, Black and White Brick Wall (Publicdomainpictures.net)
In 2018, I co-authored an article titled Propagation of a Case Culture in China and Potentially Beyond. Based on an analysis of how 96 Guiding Cases, de facto binding cases released by China’s Supreme People’s Court available at the time, had been referenced in 1,281 subsequent cases decided by courts across the country, my co-authors and I drew this conclusion: “the preliminary success of [Guiding Cases] seems to have provided fertile ground for the propagation of a case culture in China and, given the country’s eagerness to increase its presence around the world, this culture may have a chance to be propagated elsewhere.” Just such an opportunity for China to propagate a culture of applying case-based legal reasoning in the BRICS arose in mid-June.Read more
Image: Gerd Altmann, Binary Contacts (Publicdomainpictures.net)
5月中旬，上海自由贸易区（“自贸区”）临港新片区发布试行措施，允许该片区符合条件的企业（所用标准意味着特斯拉具备资格）输出某些数据时无需经过中国复杂的审批流程。5月初，天津自贸区也采取了类似措施，预计中国其他自贸区也会效仿。这些措施对在华外国投资者非常有利。然而，发布这些措施的根本目标不仅是增加中国国内的外商投资，而是落实中国在全球发展数字经济的计划。Read more
Image: Gerd Altmann, Binary Contacts (Publicdomainpictures.net)
In mid-May, the Lin-Gang Area of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone (“FTZ”) issued trial measures to allow eligible companies in the area—criteria used suggest that Tesla is eligible—to export certain data without going through China’s complicated approval system. Similar measures were adopted by Tianjin’s FTZ in early May, while other FTZs in China are expected to follow suit. These measures can benefit foreign investors in China significantly. Yet, the fundamental goal of their issuance is not a mere increase in domestic foreign investment, but rather the implementation of China’s plan to develop its digital economy globally.Read more
Image: Gerd Altmann, Business (Publicdomainpictures.net)
美国众议院监督和问责委员会正在调查美国上市公司会计监督委员会是否“被赋予权力以确保其对[中国]公司的审计师进行有意义的监督”。委员会应欢迎中国国务院最近发布的一份文件，该文件旨在通过加强信息披露等措施来改善中国资本市场。有趣的是，中国最高人民法院已经采取了措施，而如果全国法院都一致遵循这些措施，就可以壮大该文件的力量。Read more
Image: Gerd Altmann, Business (Publicdomainpictures.net)
The U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating whether the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) is “empowered to ensure meaningful oversight of auditors of [China]-based firms”. The Committee should welcome a document recently released by China’s State Council that aims at improving the country’s capital markets by strengthening information disclosure, among other measures. Interestingly, the Supreme People’s Court of China has taken steps that, if followed consistently by all courts in the country, can empower this document.Read more
Image: Linnaea Mallette, Mountain Landscape Illustration (Publicdomainpictures.net)
最高人民法院最近把中国法院系统自去年以来使用的一个鲜为人知的问答工具带到了聚光灯下。该工具的表现令人充满希望，是最高人民法院一石“几”鸟之举。该工具的影响深远，可以为中国发展辅助审判的人工智能奠定坚实的基础。Read more
Image: Linnaea Mallette, Mountain Landscape Illustration (Publicdomainpictures.net)
A little-known Q&A tool used within China’s court system since 2023 was recently brought to the spotlight. With its promising performance, the tool allows China’s highest court to “free several birds with one key”. The far-reaching impact of the tool also lays a solid foundation for China to develop AI-assisted adjudication.Read more
Image: Gerd Altmann, Judge Gavel (Publicdomainpictures.net)
中国颁布《外国国家豁免法》，标志着中国从容许外国国家在中国法院享有“绝对豁免”正式过渡到将豁免限制于某些类型的诉讼。这种过渡与美国（体现于1976 年《外国主权豁免法》）所采用的做法一致。然而，通过比较中国《外国国家豁免法》和美国《外国主权豁免法》以及美国的相关法理（见小约翰·M·沃克（John M. Walker Jr.）巡回法官通过丝络谈™所发表的文章），可以发现两国做法之间的关键差异。Read more
Image: Gerd Altmann, Judge Gavel (Publicdomainpictures.net)
China’s enactment of the Foreign State Immunity Law marks the country’s formal transition from affording foreign states “absolute immunity” in Chinese courts to restricting the immunity to certain types of lawsuits. This transition is in line with the approach used in the United States, as codified in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (“FSIA”). However, a comparison between China’s Foreign State Immunity Law and the FSIA and related U.S. jurisprudence——as discussed by Circuit Judge John M. Walker Jr. in an article published by SINOTALKS®——reveals key differences between the two countries’ approaches.Read more
Image: Anthony Nava, Blue, Red, and Green Gears (Publicdomainpictures.net)
中国从2月5日起降低所有银行的存款准备金率的措施会让更多现金注入银行体系，从而有助于重振经济。另一项可能有助于改善中国经济但似乎很少引起法律界以外的关注的措施是中国发布了新修订的专利法实施细则。如果有效实施，这些新修订的规则有可能加强中国的专利保护机制，使中国对外国投资者而言更具吸引力。Read more
Image: Anthony Nava, Blue, Red, and Green Gears (Publicdomainpictures.net)
China’s reduction of the reserve requirement ratio for all banks beginning from February 5 is expected to help revive the economy by injecting more cash into the banking system. Another measure that is likely to help improve China’s economy but seems to have drawn little attention outside the legal community is the release of a set of revised rules to implement China’s Patent Law. If applied effectively, these revised rules have the potential to strengthen China’s patent protection mechanism, making the country more appealing to foreign investors.Read more
Image: Gerd Altmann, Seek (Publicdomainpictures.net)
为了缓解人们对一个发布了大量中国裁判文书的网站的未来的担忧，最高人民法院最近采取了不同寻常的举措，不仅确认该网站继续运行，还宣布建立两个新的数据库。借助这两个数据库，中国法院将能够制定数据驱动的司法改革措施，并提高司法一致性。两个数据库弥补了上述网站的不足，但值得注意的是，该网站作为维护司法透明不可或缺的平台，在提升两个数据库价值方面发挥着独特的作用。Read more
Image: Gerd Altmann, Seek (Publicdomainpictures.net)
To alleviate growing concerns about the future of a key website used by Chinese courts to publish millions of judgments, the Supreme People’s Court took an unusual step recently not only to confirm the continued operation of the website, but also to announce the establishment of two new databases. With the two databases, the Chinese judiciary will be able to formulate data-driven judicial reform measures and increase judicial consistency. While the databases help address deficiencies of the website, it is worth noting that the website—an indispensable platform to safeguard judicial transparency—plays a unique role in enhancing the value of these databases.Read more
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